See this visualization first on the Voronoi app. Map: Where People Celebrate Halloween Around the World? This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Halloween is very popular in the U.S., Canada, Ireland, and the U.K.—but also celebrated in dozens of other countries globally. In countries like Mexico and Peru, Halloween is often celebrated alongside traditional festivals like Día de los Muertos. Places like Saudi Arabia and Brazil are seeing rising interest in Halloween, with festivities only recently emerging. Spooky season may feel synonymous with pumpkin patches and trick-or-treating in North America, but Halloween’s reach extends much further. The holiday—rooted in ancient Celtic traditions and later popularized in the U.S.—has spread across continents, morphing and mingling with local customs. Using analysis from World Population Review, Julie Peasley mapped where Halloween is celebrated globally and how its popularity varies from country to country. Here’s a look at the full list of countries and how they participate in Halloween: CountryLevel of Popularity United StatesVery popular United KingdomVery popular CanadaVery popular Isle of ManVery popular MexicoShared ColombiaShared PeruShared GuatemalaShared EcuadorShared El SalvadorShared IrelandShared ChinaSecondary BrazilSecondary PhilippinesSecondary GermanySecondary SpainSecondary NetherlandsSecondary NicaraguaSecondary IndiaGrowing JapanGrowing FranceGrowing ItalyGrowing South KoreaGrowing PolandGrowing MalaysiaGrowing Saudi ArabiaGrowing AustraliaGrowing TaiwanGrowing RomaniaGrowing BelgiumGrowing Dominican RepublicGrowing United Arab EmiratesGrowing SwedenGrowing CzechiaGrowing GreeceGrowing SwitzerlandGrowing Hong KongGrowing SerbiaGrowing SingaporeGrowing New ZealandGrowing While countries like the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. top the list for full-blown Halloween fervor, other nations show a more nuanced relationship with the holiday. Ireland, the birthplace of Samhain, an ancient pagan festival that heavily influenced Halloween, is also in the “very popular” category. Where Halloween Blends With Tradition In much of Latin America, Halloween is celebrated, but often takes a back seat to long-established cultural holidays. For example, in Mexico, Peru, and Colombia, Halloween festivities intertwine with Día de los Muertos, a holiday that honors deceased loved ones with vibrant altars, marigolds, and sugar skulls. As NPR notes, in these countries, Halloween is sometimes embraced by younger generations but still exists in the shadow of these deep-rooted traditions. Likewise, in countries like Italy, Germany, and France, Halloween is present, particularly among children and retailers, but remains secondary to All Saints’ Day or other local observances. The Rise of Halloween in Unlikely Places One of the most intriguing stories is Halloween’s emergence in the Middle East. In Saudi Arabia, where public celebrations were once banned, Halloween made its official public debut in 2021 in Riyadh as part of Vision 2030 reforms. Costumes, events, and revelry are growing, particularly among younger urban populations. Similarly, in Brazil, Halloween is not a traditional holiday but is gaining traction due to globalization and pop culture. Schools, expat communities, and social media play a big role in spreading the celebration. In Asia, countries like the Philippines and Japan have embraced Halloween, albeit with their own flair—think cosplay-heavy parades and horror-themed attractions. Meanwhile, China and India see sporadic celebrations in urban centers, mostly among expats or youth influenced by Western media. Halloween is Going Global Although Halloween may never become a global public holiday, its cultural footprint continues to grow. As retailers and entertainment industries worldwide tap into its visual and commercial appeal, don’t be surprised to see more pumpkins, costumes, and candy in new corners of the globe each year. Want to learn more about how holidays rank across the U.S.? Check out our related graphic: Ranked: America’s Favorite Holidays. Learn More on the Voronoi App Explore even more Halloween insights in our latest post: KPop Demon Hunters costumes will be everywhere this Halloween.

About 18 months ago, we launched Voronoi, our free new data discovery app. Believe it or not, there are already more data-driven visuals on Voronoi than on Visual Capitalist (which has been around for 13 years!). Every day there’s something new on Voronoi to see. And in aggregate, there are roughly 6,500 data stories to explore on the platform from 175+ world-class creators. Explore Voronoi Let’s see what captured the attention of users in October. Below are the month’s standout visuals on Voronoi — including the most discussed, most viewed, most liked, and our editor’s pick. MOST DISCUSSED Countries With the Most Airports in 2025 This month’s most discussed visualization came from Visual Capitalist, highlighting which countries have the greatest number of airports around the world. The U.S. leads by a staggering margin—with more than three times as many airports as second-place Brazil. Large, geographically dispersed countries like Australia and Canada also rank high due to their dependence on air connectivity. What surprised many users most, however, was China’s relatively low number of airports, a reflection of its extensive high-speed rail network reducing domestic flight demand. Even Antarctica makes the list, with 35 small or seasonal airstrips serving research and logistics bases—though none operate commercial routes. Join the discussion on Voronoi today. MOST VIEWED The GPU Pipeline Visualized One of the month’s most technically rich and widely viewed visuals came from MadeVisual, revealing the complex web of relationships behind the world’s GPU supply chain. This detailed map follows how compute power flows from fabrication (TSMC) to chip design (Nvidia) to deployment via cloud giants like Microsoft and Oracle, and ultimately, to AI labs like OpenAI. It’s a story of power and scarcity: whoever controls GPU access controls the pace of progress. Multi-billion dollar contracts and exclusivity deals now define who can scale models, and who must wait in line. Explore the full visualization on Voronoi today. MOST LIKED Causes of Death: Official Statistics vs. Media Share This thought-provoking piece by Iryna Suprun resonated deeply with users, illustrating how public perception of danger diverges sharply from reality. While chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer cause the overwhelming majority of deaths, they receive relatively little media coverage. Meanwhile, rare but dramatic events, such as homicides or terrorist attacks, dominate headlines and public consciousness. The visualization explores how this mismatch is sustained by media incentives: stories that are personal, visual, and emotionally charged attract more clicks and engagement, creating a cycle where rare tragedies overshadow persistent health crises. See the full breakdown on Voronoi today. EDITOR’S PICK S&P 500 Market Cap Reaches Record $61.1 Trillion in Oct. 2025 For our Editor’s Pick, Ehsan Soltani charted the S&P 500’s latest milestone: a record total market capitalization of $61.1 trillion as of October 27, 2025. The index has climbed 16.9% year-to-date, buoyed by strong earnings, optimism over easing U.S.–China trade tensions, and expectations of a coming Federal Reserve rate cut. Tech stocks once again led this month—with Qualcomm up 11%, Tesla up 4.3%, and Nvidia up 2.8%. It’s a striking snapshot of market confidence and how concentrated growth in tech continues to push U.S. equities to historic highs. Explore the visualization on Voronoi today.

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app. Mapped: America’s National Guard Personnel by State This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Texas has the largest National Guard presence with 22,367 personnel (as of June 30, 2025). Every U.S. state and territory hosts at least some National Guard members, reflecting its decentralized structure. The National Guard can be activated by both state governors and the federal government, raising its profile amid recent political debates. America’s National Guard plays a unique dual role in the country’s defense infrastructure. While it operates under the U.S. military umbrella, it is also deeply tied to state-level emergency response. Comprised of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard, the force can be activated by either a state governor or the president, depending on the situation. This dual control makes it one of the most versatile components of the U.S. military. Mapped below is the distribution of National Guard personnel by state, using data from the Department of Defense and visualized by USAFacts. Here’s a look at the full dataset: StateArmy National GuardAir National GuardTotal National Guard Alabama10330238812718 Alaska151920743593 Arizona506425067570 Arkansas668519818666 California12689465717346 Colorado361917005319 Connecticut364511184763 Delaware145110542505 District of Columbia111410712185 Florida8702205810760 Georgia11349279614145 Guam75409484 Hawaii300923365345 Idaho300512444249 Illinois9790270412494 Indiana9807198411791 Iowa697318818854 Kansas463320616694 Kentucky641611237539 Louisiana9501144410945 Maine158710982685 Maryland416518015966 Massachusetts579420937887 Michigan743723669803 Minnesota10455232612781 Mississippi7970254110511 Missouri8634207710711 Montana232910193348 Nebraska311811034221 Nevada327411384412 New Hampshire156710882655 New Jersey631723538670 New Mexico23158853200 New York11599580517404 North Carolina8952144810400 North Dakota289412174111 Ohio9450488414334 Oklahoma676021678927 Oregon460320456648 Pennsylvania13104383116935 Puerto Rico210921094 Rhode Island209810473145 South Carolina9402135910761 South Dakota299810984096 Tennessee9360329012650 Texas19272309522367 Utah600314677470 Vermont168510182703 U.S. Virgin Islands77784 Virginia711814548572 Washington556319787541 West Virginia382120135834 Wisconsin628622448530 Wyoming151112222733 Unsurprisingly, Texas tops the list with over 22,000 personnel, followed by New York and California. Meanwhile, smaller states and territories like the Virgin Islands (84) and Guam (484) maintain minimal forces but are still represented. Why Are National Guard Troops Spread Across the Country? Unlike other military branches, the National Guard is designed for both local and national duties. Whether responding to hurricanes, wildfires, or civil unrest, Guard units must be available on short notice. That’s why every state maintains its own Guard force, proportional to population, geography, and risk profile. The decentralized distribution also reflects the Guard’s constitutional role as a state militia, which dates back to the founding of the country. For example, in times of crisis, governors can deploy Guard units independently of federal command, offering a rapid and localized response mechanism. Recent Political Context and National Guard Use The National Guard’s role has moved into the political spotlight in recent years, largely due to increased domestic deployments and rising tensions over federal authority. During Donald Trump’s presidency, the administration has deployed Guard troops in response to protests and civil unrest, and at times floated using them to quell urban violence or manage immigration enforcement. This stirred significant controversy, especially when governors objected to federal attempts to override their authority using statutes like the Insurrection Act, an 1807 law that allows the president to deploy U.S. military forces domestically without state consent. Although rarely invoked in modern times, Trump has shown enthusiasm for invoking the Insurrection Act, framing it as a tool for maintaining law and order. This has reignited debate about the Guard’s intended role versus its potential use as a political instrument. With midterm elections on the horizon in 2026, these tensions could again surface, particularly in battleground states where federal and state priorities may diverge. The visibility of the Guard, once mostly associated with natural disasters and community support, is now part of broader conversations around civil liberties and the appropriate scope of presidential power. Learn More on the Voronoi App Explore more military maps like Just 10 States Host 70% of All Active Duty U.S. Troops on the Voronoi app.

See more visuals like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: The World’s Population by Generation This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Almost half of humanity (47%) is Gen Z or Gen Alpha. Millennials and Gen X make up most of the global working-age population, while Boomers and older represent just 15%. With Millennials, Gen Z, and Gen Alpha making up nearly 70% of the population, the global workforce, economy, and social dynamics will see rapid transformation in the coming years. As of December 2024, the global population has reached 8.2 billion. For the first time in history, nearly half of humanity belongs to Generation Z and Generation Alpha—the digital-native generations. This visualization ranks the world’s population by generation, showing how age cohorts are distributed across the planet. The data for this graphic comes from We Are Social, IntelPoint, and the United Nations World Population Prospects 2024. Generation Beta (born 2025–2039), representing less than 1% of the population, is not shown in the graphic because of limited data. Gen Alpha Becomes the Largest Generation Generation Alpha, born between 2013 and 2025, now includes roughly 2.0 billion people, or 24.4% of the world’s population. Many of them are still in primary school, but they already outnumber every other generation. Their demographic weight will increasingly shape consumer markets, education systems, and technology trends in the coming decades. The countries driving this growth are concentrated in Africa and South Asia, where birth rates remain high. GenerationBirth Years (Approx.)Current Age (2025)Population (Billion)% of Total Population Generation Alpha2013 – 20250 – 122.0B24.4 % Generation Z1997 – 201213 – 281.9B22.9 % Millennials (Gen Y)1981 – 199629 – 441.7B21.2 % Generation X1965 – 198045 – 601.4B16.7 % Baby Boomers1946 – 196461 – 791.1B12.8 % Silent Generation + Older≤ 194580 +167M2.0 % Total--8.2B100 % Gen Z and Millennials Dominate the Workforce Gen Z (ages 13–28) and Millennials (ages 29–44) together account for 44% of all people—and most of the world’s workers. Millennials alone make up 1.7 billion people. The Aging Populations of Boomers and the Silent Generation At the upper end of the age spectrum, Baby Boomers (ages 61–79) represent about 12.8% of the population, while those 80 or older—the Silent Generation and older cohorts—make up just 2%. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Visualizing America’s Wealth Distribution by Generation on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: The Top 30 Largest Importers in the World See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways America, China, and Germany were the world’s largest importers of goods in 2024. Vietnam’s imports surged 17% over the year, driven by growing investment and the diversification of supply chains. More than 13% of the world’s imported goods are purchased by America, equaling $3.4 trillion in 2024. From industrial inputs like copper and machinery to consumer goods, America’s appetite for imports reflected strong domestic demand and business activity. Meanwhile, China imported $2.6 trillion in goods, ranking second globally. This graphic shows the largest importers of goods in the world, based on data from the World Trade Organization. The Largest Importers in the World in 2024 Below, we show the top 30 importers, collectively importing $20.4 trillion in goods last year: RankCountryValue of Imported Goods 2024(Billion US$)Share (%)Annual PercentageChange % 1 U.S.$3,35913.66 2 China$2,58510.41 3 Germany$1,4225.7-3 4 United Kingdom$8163.33 5 Netherlands$8143.3-3 6 France$7503-5 7 Japan$7433-5 8 India$7182.97 9 Hong Kong SAR$7042.88 10 Mexico$6442.64 11 South Korea$6322.5-2 12 Italy$6152.5-4 13 Canada$5742.31 14 UAE$5442.216 15 Belgium$5142.1-7 16 Spain$4721.90 17 Singapore$4591.98 18 Taiwan$4011.612 19 Viet Nam$3811.517 20 Poland$3791.52 21 Switzerland$3691.51 22 Türkiye$3441.4-5 23 Thailand$3071.26 24 Malaysia$3001.213 25 Russia$3001.2-1 26 Australia$2961.23 27 Brazil$2781.110 28 Indonesia$2340.95 29 Czech Republic$2330.90 30 Saudi Arabia$2330.912 As we can see, the U.S. comfortably stands as the world’s largest importer, covering 13.6% of the global share. Among the largest importing industries are pharmaceuticals and automotives. Together, Mexico and Canada supplied 28.1% of U.S. imports, while the European Union and China followed with 18.5% and 13.4%, respectively. India ranked as the eighth-largest importer, at $718 billion, with imports rising 7% annually supported by its robust economic growth. Overall, its top three import partners were China, Russia, and the UAE—with imports from the UAE jumping 34% in 2024. Meanwhile, Vietnam recorded the fastest import growth across the pack, up an impressive 17% year-over-year. The UAE followed closely with a 16% increase, driven by strong demand for gold and automobiles as foreign trade hit record highs in 2024. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on the world’s largest exporters in 2024.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: Unmined Gold Reserves by Country (2025) See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Russia and Australia each hold an estimated 12,000 tonnes of unmined gold reserves—together representing almost 40% of global totals. Just 10 countries account for more than 85% of the world’s untapped gold deposits, valued at over $7 trillion. With gold trading above $4,000 per troy ounce, the largest unmined reserves indicate which countries could drive the next phase of global production. This visualization ranks nations by their estimated economically recoverable gold deposits, offering a snapshot of where future mining investment might concentrate. The data for this graphic comes from the U.S. Geological Survey (January 2025). It estimates total unmined gold reserves, expressed in metric tons and valued using a gold price of $4,362 per troy ounce. Russia and Australia Dominate Global Gold Reserves Russia and Australia are tied as the world’s top holders of unmined gold, each with around 12,000 tonnes. Together, they account for reserves valued at $1.7 trillion each. Russia’s largest unmined gold reserves are primarily located in Siberia and the Far East, including major deposits in the Krasnoyarsk and Magadan regions, as well as the Amur and Chukotka districts. In Australia, most untapped gold lies within Western Australia’s resource-rich belts, particularly the Yilgarn Craton, which hosts many of the country’s biggest existing and undeveloped deposits. RankCountryUnmined Gold (t)Value (US$ B) 1 Russia12 0001 687 2 Australia12 0001 687 3 South Africa5 000701 4 Indonesia3 800505 5 Canada3 200449 6 China3 100435 7 United States3 000421 8 Peru2 500351 9 Brazil2 400337 10 Kazakhstan2 300323 11 Uzbekistan1 800252 12 Mexico1 400196 13 Ghana1 000140 14 Mali800112 15 Colombia70098 16 Tanzania40056 Emerging Markets Show Strong Potential Countries like Indonesia, Peru, and Brazil stand out among emerging economies. Indonesia’s 3,800 tonnes place it fourth globally, while Peru and Brazil each hold between 2,400 and 2,500 tonnes. These regions could see significant investment as global demand shifts toward diversified supply chains and lower-cost extraction opportunities. The United States and China, both major producers, still hold substantial unmined reserves, around 3,000 tonnes each. Yet much of the world’s new exploration is taking place in Africa, in countries such as Ghana, Mali, and Tanzania. Within the continent, South Africa leads our ranking with 5,000 metric tons of reserves. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Visualizing Gold Production by Country on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

Published 22 minutes ago on October 30, 2025 By Ryan Bellefontaine Graphics & Design Abha Patil Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Email The following content is sponsored by Shale Crescent USA The Future of U.S. Natural Gas Production, by Region Key Takeaways The East will be the largest U.S. gas-producing region starting in 2039. The Shale Crescent USA (OH, WV, PA) supplies ~99% of the East’s gas, and from 2000 to 2025, its output jumped nearly 1,200%, demonstrating a paradigm shift in American energy production. Low-cost, abundant, and predictable gas supplies can greatly improve manufacturers’ profit margins and operational stability. U.S. gas production has reshaped the country’s energy map. The most striking shift is where the growth has occurred and is projected to occur. It is in the states of Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. This graphic, in partnership with Shale Crescent USA, shows how regional U.S. natural gas output evolves from 2000 to 2050, highlighting the East’s rise, using data from the EIA. East Leads Natural Gas—and Stays on Top According to the EIA, the East becomes and remains the largest-producing region starting in 2039. In fact, the Shale Crescent states—Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania—supply nearly all of the East’s gas (about 99%), and momentum continues. Here is a table that shows regional U.S. natural gas production (Bcf/d) from 2000 to 2050. YearGulf of AmericaOther U.S.Gulf Coast + SouthwestEast (Shale Crescent USA) 2000013.9362.7 200113.814.922.72.4 200212.415.221.82.5 200312.115.522.22.6 200410.91621.42.6 20058.616.421.92.6 2006819.722.62.7 20077.720.723.92.8 20086.322.326.12.7 20096.723.125.82.9 20106.222273.7 2011523.630.16.1 20124.424.230.39 20133.423.32912.4 20143.624.128.316.6 20153.724.427.620 20163.42325.722.2 20172.922.426.824.2 20182.723.530.928.6 20192.823.735.731.9 20202.121.63733 20212.120.738.734.2 2022220.943.234.3 20231.92046.635.1 20242.419.746.734.4 20252.519.948.233.9 20262.420.64834.7 20272.420.24835.5 20282.420.148.438.2 20292.619.84840.6 20302.719.448.441.9 20312.718.948.742.4 20322.619.250.345.9 20332.81949.546 2034319.148.345.9 2035319.14745.8 2036319.146.345.4 2037318.945.644.6 20382.918.744.944.6 20392.718.444.345.4 20402.518.344.246.8 20412.218.24448.5 20422.218.343.449.5 2043218.742.750.4 20441.81942.150.6 20451.819.241.450.8 20461.419.740.851.8 20471.32040.252.3 20481.120.34052.7 2049120.439.553.2 2050120.43953.8 The East first surpassed the Gulf of America in 2011, then topped the “Rest of the United States” in 2017. It is projected to overtake the combined “Gulf Coast + Southwest” in 2039 at 45 Bcf/d. From 2000 to 2025, East output jumped nearly 1,200%—from 2.7 to 33.9 Bcf/d, demonstrating a paradigm shift in American energy production. From 2025 to 2050, the East is expected to climb another 59% to 53.8 Bcf/d. By 2050, it will produce nearly as much as all other regions of the U.S. combined (53.8 vs. 60.4 Bcf/d). A Manufacturing Edge in the Shale Crescent As output concentrates in the East, midstream flows, storage, and basis prices adjust accordingly. For planners and investors, regional growth influences industrial siting. Therefore, understanding where supply originates and is projected to be is critical to the success and stability of energy-intensive projects. For manufacturers, the Shale Crescent USA pairs abundant, low-cost gas with dense customer demand and logistics. This means energy-intensive consumers have a world-class opportunity to source energy from under their feet, experience shorter supply chains, lower costs, and speed time-to-market. Additionally, proximity to pipelines, storage, and interstates helps compress working capital and improve reliability. In turn, this translates into durable cost advantages and more resilient operations. There is no other location on the planet that has both a world-class energy supply and consumer demand in the same location. Build Where Energy is Secure Related Topics: #oil #natural gas #Gas #ohio #West Virginia #Pennsylvania #Shale crescent #gulf of america Click for Comments var disqus_shortname = "visualcapitalist.disqus.com"; var disqus_title = "The Future of U.S. Natural Gas Production, by Region"; var disqus_url = "https://www.visualcapitalist.com/sp/sc01-the-future-of-us-natural-gas-production-by-region/"; var disqus_identifier = "visualcapitalist.disqus.com-183788"; More from Shale Crescent USA Energy1 week ago Ranked: The Lowest Cost Energy Sources Shale Crescent USA’s natural gas ranks as the lowest cost energy on a $/BOE basis—outpacing NYMEX, coal, oil, and imported LNG—and offers a manufacturing edge. Energy2 weeks ago Who is Growing? U.S. Natural Gas Leaders Which U.S. regions lead natural gas production growth? See why the Shale Crescent is now fueling millions more homes and factories. Energy3 weeks ago Visualized: Where is the Most Natural Gas Production? See how natural gas production stacks up globally and why the Shale Crescent ranks third—a strategic edge for U.S. manufacturing. Energy1 month ago Shale Crescent USA: A World-Class Manufacturing Region Shale Crescent USA brings energy, customers, and infrastructure together in one region, helping manufacturers reduce costs as reshoring accelerates. Subscribe Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Join 375,000+ email subscribers: *Sign Up

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: America’s Most Expensive Drugs This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Lenmeldy is America’s priciest drug in 2025 at $4.25 million per dose. One Lenmeldy treatment equals roughly 12,500 Ozempic doses ($342 each, before insurance) In 2025, the soaring cost of cutting-edge gene therapies has pushed individual drug prices to record highs. The latest ranking of America’s most expensive drugs highlights how a single treatment can rival the price of a luxury home. The data for this visualization comes from Fierce Pharma. It lists the 10 priciest U.S. drugs, all topping $2 million per course and most offering one-time, potentially curative benefits Gene Therapies Dominate the Leaderboard Lenmeldy, a treatment for the ultrarare disorder metachromatic leukodystrophy, costs $4.25 million per dose, eclipsing every other therapy launched to date. RankDrug NameCost Per DoseCompanyUsed For 1Lenmeldy$4,250,000Kyowa KirinA gene therapy used to treat kids with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a rare inherited metabolic disorder 2Kebilidi$3,950,000PTC Therapeutics A gene therapy used to treat children & adults with AADC deficiency, a rare disorder that prevents the body from making key brain chemicals 3Hemgenix$3,500,000CSL BehringA one-time gene therapy used to treat adults with hemophilia B to reduce bleeding episodes 4Elevidys$3,200,000Sarepta TherapeuticsA gene therapy used to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in people 4 years and older 5Lyfgenia$3,100,000bluebird bioA one-time gene therapy used to treat sickle cell disease with a history of pain crises 6Skysona$3,000,000bluebird bio A gene therapy used to slow nerve damage in boys with early, active cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) 7Roctavian$2,900,000BioMarinA one-time gene therapy used to treat adults with severe hemophilia A who don’t have AAV5 antibodies 8Rethymic$2,810,000Sumitomo PharmaA tissue-based therapy used to help kids with congenital athymia build a working immune system 9Zynteglo$2,800,000bluebird bioA gene therapy used to treat people with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia 10Zolgensma$2,320,000NovartisA one-time gene therapy used to treat children under 2 with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) Note: Bluebird Bio is now Genetix Biotherapeutics after acquisition by two private equity firms. Lenmeldy’s list price equals roughly 12,500 doses of popular diabetes drug Ozempic at its pre-insurance list price. While the number seems astronomical, payers weigh it against lifelong care costs that can exceed $10 million for untreated MLD patients. Similarly, third-ranked Hemgenix’s one-time $3.5 million cost compares with up to $20 million for decades of clotting-factor infusions. Even at multimillion-dollar stickers, pay-once gene therapies can offer health-economic value over chronic treatments. In fact, every drug on the top 10 list is a gene or cell-based therapy—scientific breakthroughs that replace or repair faulty genetic instructions. Because they aim to cure rare and deadly conditions in a single dose, their development and manufacturing pipelines are complex, bespoke, and expensive. Related: Check out where Ozempic ranks in America’s most common drugs by medicare spending. Bluebird Bio’s Three-Drug Footprint No company appears more often than Bluebird Bio, which places Lyfgenia, Skysona, and Zynteglo on the list. Each addresses a different inherited blood or metabolic disorder, yet all share core technology roots developed over a decade. Despite regulatory scrutiny and manufacturing setbacks, the company’s persistence has translated into multiple FDA approvals. The cluster illustrates how a single firm can dominate a high-value therapeutic niche. Bluebird Bio was acquired in June, 2025 by private equity firms Carlyle Group and SK Capital. Learn More on the Voronoi App For related coverage, check out Where Americans Pay the Most (and Least) for Health Insurance on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Mapped: Where U.S. Families are Most Strained by Debt See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Hawaii and Idaho have the highest debt-to-income (DTI) ratio of the states at 2.06. This means households carry about $2 in debt for every $1 in annual income. High ratio states (~1.7–2.1) are often places with expensive housing or fast population growth (bigger mortgages, newer borrowers). Americans are always worrying about debt: their own and their government’s. This visualization maps each state by their household debt-to-income ratios (DTI) in Q1, 2025, revealing which states carry the heaviest burdens and which ones keep borrowing in check. Data for this visualization comes from the Federal Reserve. The highest ratio is visualized per state. Debt includes mortgages, autos, credit cards, etc., and excludes student loans. Income is based on unemployment insurance-covered wages, as reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Which States Carry the Most Debt? Two states share the top spot: Idaho and Hawaii both post a DTI of 2.06, meaning households owe just over twice their annual after-tax income. RankStateState CodeDebt-to-Income Ratio (2025)Debt-to-Income Ratio (1999)1999–2025 Change 1IdahoID2.061.500.56 2HawaiiHI2.062.060.00 3ArizonaAZ1.841.400.44 4ColoradoCO1.841.400.44 5UtahUT1.841.400.44 6MarylandMD1.841.720.12 7South CarolinaSC1.721.320.40 8NevadaNV1.721.400.32 9OregonOR1.721.400.32 10FloridaFL1.721.600.12 11DelawareDE1.601.110.49 12MontanaMT1.601.320.28 13Rhode IslandRI1.601.320.28 14VirginiaVA1.601.400.20 15CaliforniaCA1.601.72-0.12 16WyomingWY1.501.110.39 17GeorgiaGA1.501.240.26 18MaineME1.501.240.26 19North CarolinaNC1.501.240.26 20New MexicoNM1.501.500.00 21WashingtonWA1.501.500.00 22MississippiMS1.401.110.29 23New HampshireNH1.401.240.16 24New JerseyNJ1.401.240.16 25TennesseeTN1.401.240.16 26AlaskaAK1.401.320.08 27AlabamaAL1.321.110.21 28LouisianaLA1.321.110.21 29OklahomaOK1.321.110.21 30VermontVT1.321.240.08 31ArkansasAR1.241.110.13 32IndianaIN1.241.110.13 33IowaIA1.241.110.13 34KentuckyKY1.241.110.13 35MassachusettsMA1.241.110.13 36MichiganMI1.241.110.13 37MinnesotaMN1.241.110.13 38MissouriMO1.241.110.13 39NebraskaNE1.241.110.13 40South DakotaSD1.241.110.13 41TexasTX1.241.110.13 42West VirginiaWV1.241.110.13 43WisconsinWI1.241.110.13 44ConnecticutCT1.111.110.00 45District of ColumbiaDC1.111.110.00 46IllinoisIL1.111.110.00 47KansasKS1.111.110.00 48New YorkNY1.111.110.00 49North DakotaND1.111.110.00 50OhioOH1.111.110.00 51PennsylvaniaPA1.111.110.00 In Hawaii’s case, elevated housing costs push mortgage balances sky-high. In Idaho, a surge of migrants since 2020 has driven up home prices and left many newcomers with large, fresh mortgages. Rounding out the top five are Arizona, Colorado, and Utah (all 1.84). Once again, fast-growing markets where rising prices and younger populations translate into higher leverage. Related: Hawaii has the fifth-lowest homeownership rate in the country. States With the Lowest Household Debt At the other end of the spectrum, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and North Dakota come in at just 1.11. Many low-debt states share three traits. They have lower housing costs, older homeowner bases with significant equity, and slower population growth that tempers new borrowing. However, even high-income states like Connecticut and the District of Columbia can land in this cohort thanks to well-paid residents who keep balances in check. The gap underscores how regional housing dynamics, more than incomes alone, dictate household debt. Finally, due to how this ratio is calculated, younger households’ true burden may be understated (student loan exclusion). At the same time, the income measure is unemployment insurance-covered wages wages (not total personal income), which can overstate the ratio in high-capital-income areas (e.g., states with finance-heavy metros). Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Visualizing Government Debt-to-GDP Around the World on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization How Much Control China Has Over the World’s Critical Minerals See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways China is the biggest producer for the majority of the materials listed. Other key players include Brazil, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Africa, each dominating select strategic materials. China sits at the center of today’s global mineral supply chains. From electric vehicles to semiconductors, many of the technologies driving modern industry depend on critical minerals that are mined, refined, or controlled by China. This visualization highlights just how concentrated global mineral production has become.  The data for this graphic comes from White & Case LLP. It charts the top global producers for 27 key critical minerals, as of December 2024. China’s Commanding Share China dominates the production of at least 15 critical minerals or mineral groups listed, including gallium (98.7%), magnesium (95%), tungsten (82.7%), and rare earths (69.2%). These materials are vital for clean energy, defense, and electronics. In addition to being the leading producer, the country also controls much of the refining capacity for many of these minerals. For example, around 90% of rare earths are refined in China. This monopoly has become a major concern for other nations, with the Trump administration currently pushing for increased domestic production of these materials. MineralMajor ProducerGlobal Production (%) Gallium China98.7% Magnesium China95.0% Niobium Brazil90.9% Tungsten China82.7% Bismuth China81.3% Graphite China79.4% Silicon China76.3% Cobalt DR Congo75.9% Platinum South Africa70.6% Indium China70.4% Vanadium China70.0% Rare Earths China69.2% Fluorspar China68.4% Antimony China60.0% Aluminum China59.7% Nickel Indonesia59.5% Beryllium U.S.50.0% Arsenic Peru46.6% Tellurium China46.5% Chromium South Africa44.7% Tantalum DR Congo41.9% Palladium Russia39.5% Manganese South Africa37.0% Lithium Australia36.7% Zinc China33.3% Barite India31.7% Tin China23.0% Regional Specializations Beyond China While China’s dominance is unparalleled, a few other nations play essential roles. Brazil accounts for nearly 91% of global niobium production, a mineral critical for high-strength steel used in pipelines and jet engines. The Democratic Republic of Congo holds 75.9% of cobalt and 41.9% of tantalum production—both indispensable for batteries and microelectronics. South Africa is another heavyweight, supplying 70.6% of the world’s platinum and nearly half of all chromium. Western Efforts to Rebalance Supply Chains Australia, the United States, and other Western nations have sought to diversify production and reduce dependence on Chinese materials. Australia now leads global lithium output with 36.7%, helping anchor non-Chinese EV supply chains. Meanwhile, the U.S. remains the world’s largest beryllium producer, accounting for half of total global supply. Still, overall Chinese dependency remains high. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Why Rare Earths Are Critical to EV Motors on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app. Which Economies are Most Dependent on Remittances? This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. In Tonga and Tajikistan, nearly half of national GDP comes from citizens working abroad. Nepal’s foreign job migration boom could soon make it the world’s most remittance-dependent economy, surpassing Tonga. Remittances have slashed poverty rates in countries like Tajikistan, but also reveal economic fragility and limited domestic opportunity. Money sent home by citizens working abroad is a lifeline for millions of families and a critical economic pillar for several countries. According to the World Bank, remittances include personal transfers and compensation of employees. The chart above, created by Aneesh Anand, ranks countries by how much of their GDP comes from these international money flows. Here’s a look at the most remittance-reliant economies: RankCountryRemittances (% of GDP, 2023/24) 1 Tonga49.98 2 Tajikistan47.89 3 Lebanon33.35 4 Nepal33.06 5 Nicaragua26.64 6 Samoa26.43 7 Honduras25.70 8 El Salvador24.00 9 Bermuda23.72 10 Lesotho21.98 11 Comoros21.36 12 The Gambia21.09 Tonga stands out with remittances accounting for nearly half of its GDP. Tajikistan is close behind, with Lebanon and Nepal also seeing one-third of their GDP come from foreign income. Why Remittances Matter So Much For countries like Tajikistan, where poverty rates remain high and domestic job opportunities are scarce, remittances are more than just economic support, they’re a stabilizing force. In fact, over one million Tajiks work abroad, mainly in Russia, and the funds they send home pay for essentials such as food, healthcare, and education. These financial inflows have helped reduce poverty rates in the country by up to 16%. Globally, remittances are one of the most direct ways to transfer wealth from developed to developing nations. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) highlights 15 reasons why remittances are essential, including promoting financial inclusion and reducing reliance on aid. Nepal’s Surging Remittance Economy Nepal currently ranks fourth on the list with 33% of GDP tied to remittances, but that number is expected to climb. Recent government restrictions on social media and ongoing political instability have pushed more citizens to seek work abroad. A record 500,000 permits for foreign employment were issued in just one year. The remittance paradox in Nepal, economic modernization fueled by labor export, means the country may soon surpass Tonga in remittance dependency, raising questions about long-term economic sustainability and domestic employment. The Cost of Sending Money While remittances are vital, the cost of sending money remains a challenge. According to our earlier post on countries with the highest remittance costs, fees can be as high as 10%, diminishing the impact of these transfers. Reducing these costs is key to maximizing remittances’ benefits for the world’s most vulnerable economies. Learn More on the Voronoi App Check out the full breakdown in The Global Remittance Market to see how trends in money transfers are evolving worldwide.

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Amazon Still Reigns: The Most-Visited E-Commerce Sites of 2025 This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Amazon’s network of domains captures roughly 43% of visits among the top 20 e-commerce sites globally. Just the top five platforms—Amazon, Temu, AliExpress, eBay, and Ozon—account for nearly 60% of total traffic. The global e-commerce landscape in 2025 remains heavily concentrated among a few key players. While dozens of platforms compete for consumer attention, Amazon continues to dominate by a wide margin, capturing over two-fifths of total visits among the world’s 20 largest retail sites. The visualization highlights how both U.S. and Chinese platforms anchor global digital shopping traffic, with combined shares around 65%. Despite the rise of emerging platforms like Temu, the e-commerce hierarchy remains relatively stable, showing Amazon’s enduring brand and infrastructure advantage. The data for this ranking comes from We Are Social, with average monthly global traffic between June and August 2025. Amazon Dominates Global Traffic The flagship amazon.com receives roughly 2.7 billion visits per month, representing a quarter of all top-20 traffic on its own. Including regional sites, Amazon’s ecosystem commands an unmatched global footprint, contributing to its $2.3 trillion market capitalization. WebsiteMonthly VisitsCountry amazon.com2,710,000,000 U.S. temu.com1,630,000,000 China aliexpress.com646,000,000 China ebay.com635,000,000 U.S. ozon.ru527,000,000 Russia amazon.co.jp525,000,000 Japan walmart.com506,000,000 U.S. amazon.in435,000,000 India rakuten.co.jp419,000,000 Japan amazon.de407,000,000 Germany etsy.com385,000,000 U.S. amazon.co.uk370,000,000 UK coupang.com290,000,000 South Korea mercadolivre.com.br260,000,000 Brazil target.com187,000,000 U.S. flipkart.com186,000,000 India amazon.com.br175,000,000 Brazil rakuten.com162,000,000 Japan shop.app154,000,000 U.S. ticketmaster.com108,000,000 U.S. Temu and AliExpress Reshape Cross-Border Retail Chinese platforms Temu (1.6 billion monthly visits) and AliExpress (646 million) rank second and third, reflecting China’s growing role in cross-border e-commerce. Temu’s aggressive discounting model continues to help expand its international presence. Together, these two Chinese sites account for nearly 2.3 billion visits monthly—about a quarter of Amazon.com’s reach. Regional Leaders Hold Strong Positions Other regional powerhouses round out the top five: eBay (U.S.) and Ozon (Russia). Japan’s Rakuten, Korea’s Coupang, and Brazil’s Mercado Livre show the strength of local champions outside the U.S.–China duopoly. Meanwhile, Shopify’s Shop.app and Ticketmaster highlight the growing influence of niche retail and event platforms. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The World’s Most Innovative Companies of 2025, According to Forbes on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Visualizing the Top 10 Global Risks (2020-2025) See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Climate change ranks as the top global risk in 2025, a position it has held for the past four years. Risks were based on a survey of 3,595 risk management experts in 57 countries conducted by AXA, a Paris-based multinational insurance and asset management firm. From rising conflicts to geopolitical fragmentation, the global risk landscape looks very different than it did five years ago. Beyond these factors, advancements in AI are presenting both new opportunities and risks, covering everything from national security to the labor market. Meanwhile, extreme weather events continue to displace people and diminish crop yields across global regions. This graphic shows the evolution of the top 10 global risks since 2020, based on the AXA 2025 Global Risks Report. The Evolution of the Top 10 Global Risks Since 2020 Here are the top risks according to risk management experts worldwide: Global Rank202020212022202320242025 1Pandemics/ Infectious DiseasesClimate ChangeClimate ChangeClimate ChangeClimate ChangeClimate Change 2Climate ChangeCybersecurityGeopolitical InstabilityCybersecurityGeopolitical InstabilityGeopolitical Instability 3CybersecurityPandemics/ Infectious DiseasesCybersecurityGeopolitical InstabilityCybersecurityCybersecurity 4Geopolitical InstabilityGeopolitical InstabilityEnergy RisksAI and Big DataAI and Big DataAI and Big Data 5Social TensionsSocial TensionsPandemics/ Infectious DiseasesEnergy RisksSocial TensionsSocial Tensions 6New Threats/ TerrorismNatural Resources/ BiodiversitySocial TensionsNatural Resources/ BiodiversityNatural Resources/ BiodiversityNatural Resources/ Biodiversity 7MacroeconomicsNew Threats/ TerrorismNatural Resources/ BiodiversityFinancial StabilityEnergy RisksMacroeconomics 8Natural Resources/ BiodiversityFinancial StabilityFinancial StabilitySocial TensionsNew Threats/ TerrorismEnergy Risks 9Financial StabilityMacroeconomicsMacroeconomicsPandemics/ Infectious DiseasesPandemics/ Infectious DiseasesFinancial Stability 10 PollutionAI and Big DataMonetary and Fiscal PoliciesMacroeconomicsFinancial StabilityDemographics With 2024 being the hottest year ever recorded, surpassing—2023—climate change ranks as the top risk since 2021. As the scale and intensity of extreme weather events accelerates, it poses the risk of damaging infrastructure and property, which stood as the primary concern among experts. At the same time, sea-level rise, droughts, and floods have led millions to internally migrate worldwide. Geopolitical instability ranks next, as global conflict deaths reached their highest level in 25 years in 2024. In Europe, it ranked as the top risk overall, given the proximity to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Even more grim is that more than eight in 10 experts say there is a significant risk of a global war. As we can see, demographics entered the list in 2025, its first time ever. Going further, experts in Italy, Japan, and Germany ranked it as their top risk as an aging population places increasing strain on public finances. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on financing risk by country in 2025.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Visualizing 30 Years of Rare Earth Production, by Country See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways China’s share of rare earth oxide (REO) mine output climbed from around 47% (1994) to almost 70% (2024), cementing its dominance. Global REO production more than doubled since 2018. The global rare earths industry has transformed over the last three decades. In the 1990s, the U.S. was still a major producer, anchored by the Mountain Pass mine in California. However, after a wastewater-related legal action in 1997 involving the mine, U.S. output collapsed, creating space for China to scale rapidly. This visualization tracks those shifts in mine production from 1994 to 2024. The data comes from Benchmark Mineral Intelligence and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). China’s Rise to Dominance China increased REO output from around 31,000 metric tons in 1994 to 270,000 metric tons in 2024. During the period, Chinese suppliers undercut American producers thanks to state support, lower environmental standards, and cheaper labor. REO Mine Production1994200420142024 United States20,70005,40045,855 Australia3,30008,00013,000 Brazil4000020 China30,60095,000105,000270,000 India2,5002,70002,900 Malaysia234250240130 Thailand1502,2002,10013,000 Russia6,00002,5002,500 Nigeria00013,000 Madagascar0002,000 Vietnam000300 Myanmar00036,125 Other countries5482,00001,100 Total64,500102,000123,000399,930 Currently, China not only dominates the extraction of rare earths, but it also produces around 90% of the world’s refined supply and hosts the largest capacity for separation and purification. U.S. Decline and Rebound Mountain Pass was the world’s top producer in the mid-1990s, with the U.S. mining around 20,000–22,000 metric tons per year. Following the 1997 wastewater spills and legal actions, the country’s output fell to 5,000 metric tons in 1998–2002, and then to zero for much of the 2000s and early 2010s. A revival began in the late 2010s, with U.S. production reaching around 46,000 metric tons in 2024. Still, between 2020 and 2023, China accounted for 70% of U.S. rare earth imports, making it by far the country’s top supplier. New and Returning Suppliers Australia emerged as a consistent non-China producer after 2011, peaking near the mid-2010s and producing 13,000–16,000 metric tons in recent years. Thailand and Nigeria have recently entered the scene, each approaching 13,000 tons in 2024. Myanmar supplied significant volumes in the late 2010s and early 2020s, though flows have been volatile due to regulatory and cross-border dynamics. Why Rare Earths Are Important Rare earth elements — a group of 17 metals including neodymium, dysprosium, and terbium — are essential to modern technology. They power everything from smartphones and electric vehicles to wind turbines, fighter jets, and missile guidance systems. Their unique magnetic, luminescent, and conductive properties make them irreplaceable in high-performance electronics and clean energy applications. In recent months, the Trump administration has made efforts to reduce U.S. dependence on Chinese supply, launching initiatives to fund domestic mining projects, streamline permits, and partner with allies to diversify the supply chain. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Charted: Where the U.S. Gets its Rare Earths From on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Visualizing How Much Gold Is Left to Mine on Earth See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Roughly 216,000 tonnes of gold have been mined, with about 64,000 tonnes of reserves left underground. Gold prices have surged more than 50% in 2025 amid global economic uncertainty and rising investor demand. Gold’s scarcity is one reason it remains a sought-after safe haven. In 2025, the metal has seen its strongest rally in years, climbing over 50% as global investors react to uncertainty in the world economy. If all the gold ever mined were melted together—about 216,000 tonnes—it would form a cube only 22 meters tall, roughly the height of a four-story building. Meanwhile, the world’s proven, economically recoverable gold reserves total around 64,000 tonnes, forming a smaller 15-meter cube. In this infographic, we use data from the World Gold Council and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with additional historical context from Encyclopaedia Britannica, to put the total quantity of gold into perspective. How Much Gold Exists—and How Much Is Left Nearly three-quarters of all known gold has already been extracted. As new discoveries become rarer and mining costs rise, the focus increasingly shifts to recycling and improving recovery technology. CategoryGold (tonnes)Cube Side (m) Already mined216,26522.3 m Remaining reserves64,00015.2 m The Modern Era Drove Most Extraction Two-thirds of all gold ever mined has been extracted since 1950, thanks to technological advances and industrial demand. The post-war era ushered in large-scale open-pit mines and efficient refining techniques. Today, extraction rates are slowing as ore grades decline, but the overall above-ground stock continues to grow slowly each year. Of all gold mined, about 45% exists as jewelry, while 22% is held as bars and coins. Central banks collectively own about 17%, using gold as a strategic hedge against inflation and geopolitical instability. Gold is also use in technology and other industries, powering electronics and aerospace components. Gold’s Rally in 2025 Gold prices hit $4,000 for the first time ever in 2025, as investors sought a safe haven from a weaker dollar, geopolitical volatility, and economic uncertainty. At the same time, China and other countries have been diversifying away from U.S. Treasuries and into gold, following Washington’s stiff sanctions on Russia after its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Retail investors have also piled into gold as a hedge against stubborn inflation. Can More Gold Be Found? Although economic gold reserves in the ground sit at around 64,000 tonnes, this doesn’t count all the gold left. There are more undiscovered gold deposits out there, and as the price of gold rises, smaller or low-grade deposits become more economically feasible to mine. High prices also create the incentive for explorers to look for more gold, which leads to new discoveries. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Ranked: The 5 Largest Gold Producing Countries (2010–2024) on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See this visualization first on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Which States Have the Highest Electricity Costs? This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Hawaii stands out with a residential rate of 40.96¢ and commercial rate of 35.54¢ per kWh, more than double the U.S. average. States like Connecticut, California, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts consistently rank in the top tier for electricity costs. These regions often have higher infrastructure costs, stricter environmental regulations, and more renewables. Electricity costs vary widely across the United States, reflecting a combination of geography, infrastructure, fuel mix, and policy. This visualization ranks states based on average electricity rates, taking into account both residential and commercial rates. The data for this visualization comes from Electric Choice. Hawaii: The Nation’s Highest Electricity Costs Hawaii leads the country by a wide margin with residential rates at 40.96¢ and commercial at 35.54¢ per kWh. Because Hawaii is geographically isolated, it depends heavily on imported petroleum for power generation. These logistical challenges drive up generation and delivery costs significantly. State ▲Residential (¢/kWh)Commercial (¢/kWh)Average (Res. & Com.) Hawaii40.9635.5438.25¢ per kWh California33.5226.6930.11¢ per kWh Massachusetts30.3723.1026.74¢ per kWh Alaska26.8822.9324.91¢ per kWh Maine28.1421.0524.60¢ per kWh Rhode Island26.8422.1524.50¢ per kWh Connecticut27.2421.3624.30¢ per kWh New York26.5321.7224.13¢ per kWh District of Columbia22.720.3721.54¢ per kWh Vermont23.2119.7921.50¢ per kWh New Hampshire23.5119.4621.49¢ per kWh New Jersey24.8818.0021.44¢ per kWh Michigan20.8514.8717.86¢ per kWh Maryland19.3314.8217.08¢ per kWh Pennsylvania19.712.3716.04¢ per kWh Wisconsin18.5713.3615.97¢ per kWh Illinois18.3312.8615.60¢ per kWh Minnesota17.1413.6315.39¢ per kWh Delaware18.1512.4515.30¢ per kWh Alabama1614.4415.22¢ per kWh U.S. Average17.4712.9615.22¢ per kWh Indiana16.613.7115.16¢ per kWh Colorado16.1613.5114.84¢ per kWh Ohio17.5211.3514.44¢ per kWh Georgia1612.3714.19¢ per kWh Arizona15.2812.9814.13¢ per kWh Missouri15.8412.4214.13¢ per kWh Iowa15.3912.6414.02¢ per kWh Montana14.8513.1414.00¢ per kWh Tennessee13.9813.4913.74¢ per kWh Oregon15.7711.6013.69¢ per kWh West Virginia15.8211.4913.66¢ per kWh Kansas1512.0713.54¢ per kWh Florida15.3611.4813.42¢ per kWh Mississippi13.9412.8513.40¢ per kWh New Mexico14.7711.4613.12¢ per kWh South Carolina14.7111.0012.86¢ per kWh Kentucky13.6211.8812.75¢ per kWh South Dakota14.2311.2712.75¢ per kWh Virginia15.419.6612.54¢ per kWh Wyoming14.899.7812.34¢ per kWh Washington12.9811.3012.14¢ per kWh Arkansas13.3310.8412.09¢ per kWh Texas15.238.6011.92¢ per kWh Louisiana12.6411.1511.90¢ per kWh Utah13.1210.5811.85¢ per kWh Oklahoma13.629.7711.70¢ per kWh North Carolina13.339.7611.55¢ per kWh Nebraska13.179.3511.26¢ per kWh North Dakota13.688.0510.87¢ per kWh Idaho12.079.0010.54¢ per kWh Nevada11.428.8010.11¢ per kWh New England and California Among the Priciest California (30.11¢), Massachusetts (26.74¢), Alaska (24.91¢), and Maine (24.60¢) round out the top five for electricity costs. These areas often have dense populations, older infrastructure, and progressive energy policies. Investments in clean energy and grid upgrades can also raise prices in the short term, even if they lead to long-term savings or environmental benefits. States with the Cheapest Power On the other end of the spectrum, states like Nevada (10.11¢), Idaho (10.54¢), and North Dakota (10.87¢) offer some of the lowest electricity rates. These states benefit from abundant natural resources like hydro, coal, or wind. In addition, they tend to have lower regulatory costs and less congestion on their power grids. Texas stands out with a significant 6.63¢ gap between residential (15.23¢) and commercial (8.60¢) rates. This difference reflects the state’s deregulated energy market, which allows for more competitive pricing structures. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Visualized: The Top Countries Buying U.S. Oil in 2024 on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Ranked: The World’s 50 Most Valuable Companies in October 2025 See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways Nvidia has pulled ahead of the rest of its Magnificent Seven peers, nearing an historic $5T valuation. Rival chipmaker AMD has surpassed $400B for the first time, riding off a series of catalysts including an OpenAI chip deal and a quantum computing deal with IBM. The world’s most valuable companies have continued to grow larger in 2025, with the tech sector’s prevalence more profound than ever. To see how things look as we approach the final two months of the year, we’ve ranked the top 50 companies by their market capitalization as of Oct. 24, sorted by industry. Data & Discussion The data for this visualization was sourced from CompaniesMarketCap, a simple and effective tool for tracking real-time market capitalization of publicly-traded firms. NameSectorMarket Cap AmazonConsumer Discretionary$2,391,180,000,000 TeslaConsumer Discretionary$1,442,470,000,000 AlibabaConsumer Discretionary$405,129,000,000 Home DepotConsumer Discretionary$384,896,000,000 LVMHConsumer Discretionary$355,009,000,000 HermèsConsumer Discretionary$268,064,000,000 ToyotaConsumer Discretionary$267,678,000,000 WalmartConsumer Staples$846,478,000,000 CostcoConsumer Staples$413,105,000,000 Procter & GambleConsumer Staples$356,901,000,000 Coca-ColaConsumer Staples$299,892,000,000 NestléConsumer Staples$259,050,000,000 Saudi AramcoEnergy$1,667,830,000,000 Exxon MobilEnergy$491,936,000,000 ChevronEnergy$313,426,000,000 Berkshire HathawayFinancials$1,061,810,000,000 JPMorgan ChaseFinancials$817,858,000,000 VisaFinancials$674,244,000,000 MastercardFinancials$518,604,000,000 Bank of AmericaFinancials$385,308,000,000 Agricultural Bank of ChinaFinancials$381,791,000,000 ICBCFinancials$364,370,000,000 ProsusFinancials$302,205,000,000 Wells FargoFinancials$272,100,000,000 China Construction BankFinancials$271,816,000,000 Morgan StanleyFinancials$260,701,000,000 Eli LillyHealth Care$739,980,000,000 Johnson & JohnsonHealth Care$458,730,000,000 AbbVieHealth Care$402,758,000,000 UnitedHealthHealth Care$328,307,000,000 RocheHealth Care$272,998,000,000 AstraZenecaHealth Care$259,460,000,000 General ElectricIndustrials$320,526,000,000 NVIDIATechnology$4,534,870,000,000 AppleTechnology$3,900,350,000,000 MicrosoftTechnology$3,892,040,000,000 AlphabetTechnology$3,146,160,000,000 MetaTechnology$1,854,860,000,000 BroadcomTechnology$1,672,330,000,000 TSMCTechnology$1,529,820,000,000 OracleTechnology$807,715,000,000 TencentTechnology$744,318,000,000 NetflixTechnology$463,856,000,000 PalantirTechnology$438,006,000,000 SamsungTechnology$437,015,000,000 AMDTechnology$410,450,000,000 ASMLTechnology$400,995,000,000 SAPTechnology$313,919,000,000 IBMTechnology$286,405,000,000 CiscoTechnology$279,214,000,000 Nvidia’s Rise to $4.5 Trillion Nvidia leads the world with a staggering valuation of $4.53 trillion, surpassing both Apple ($3.9 trillion) and Microsoft ($3.89 trillion). Nvidia GPUs remain the backbone of AI model training, with customers like OpenAI committing billions of dollars to buy its chips. Nvidia has also committed to investing $100 billion in OpenAI to build more data centers, raising concerns about the circular nature of recent deals between major AI players. OpenAI is currently the world’s most valuable private tech company, valued at $500 billion. AI is Everywhere The AI craze is creating many more winners than just Nvidia. For example, in early October, AMD and OpenAI announced a strategic partnership to deploy 6 gigawatts of AMD GPUs. A week later, OpenAI followed up with a strategic collaboration with Broadcom to deploy 10 gigawatts of custom AI chips. Broadcom shares are up 56% year to date, while AMD has rocketed 115% (its shares climbed 43% the week of the OpenAI announcement). Fact: The average annual return of the S&P 500 is about 10%. On the software side, Palantir has quickly risen to become the world’s 45th most valuable company, setting record-breaking P/E and P/S ratios along the way. The firms develops AI platforms that digest vast amounts of data to make predictive insights. Palantir has been the best-performing S&P 500 stock since its addition to the index in September 2024, and has climbed 1,956% since its October 2020 IPO. Learn More on the Voronoi App If you enjoyed today’s post, check out Average S&P 500 Returns by Zodiac Year on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.

See more visualizations like this on the Voronoi app. Use This Visualization Visualizing the 200 Year History of U.S. Debt See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app. Download it for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources. Key Takeaways The U.S. debt stands at $37.6 trillion, equal to 125% of GDP. Net interest payments on the debt are set to reach $1.3 trillion by 2030, and $1.8 trillion in 2035. By 2035, net interest payments on U.S. debt are forecast to equal 22.2% of federal revenues. As the U.S. debt pile hits $37.6 trillion, interest costs are forecast to reach $952 billion this year—nearly tripling in five years. In 10 years, they are set to hit a staggering $1.8 trillion, further squeezing the federal budget. This graphic shows the U.S. debt since 1825, based on data from the U.S. Treasury. A Brief History of U.S. Debt Below, we show how America’s national debt burden has evolved over the last two centuries: YearOutstanding U.S. Government Debt 2025$37.6T 2000$5.7T 1975$533B 1950$257B 1925$20.5B 1900$2.1B 1875$2.2B 1850$63.5M 1825$83.8M As the above table shows, debt has swelled nearly sevenfold in 25 years. Largely, this was driven by the Fed printing trillions of dollars in 2008 and the pandemic era. In 2020 alone, the Fed printed $3 trillion dollars under quantitative easing. Prior to these crises, this strategy was uncommon, but has since become a primary tool used by the central bank. If we look back to mid-century America, we can see that debt expanded from $257 billion in 1950 to $533 billion 1975. Thanks to decades of strong economic growth, debt actually fell from 106% of GDP in 1946 to just 23% in 1974, a figure almost inconceivable to imagine today. It’s also worth noting that U.S. debt was almost virtually eliminated at one point in America’s history. In 1835 under President Jackson, it fell to $34,000—down from $4.8 million in the previous year. In particular, President Jackson relied on tariffs and the sale of public lands to raise revenue and reduce the national debt. However, these policies later helped trigger the Panic of 1837 amid a growing real estate bubble. Learn More on the Voronoi App To learn more about this topic, check out this graphic on debt-to-GDP in the European Union.

Published 4 hours ago on October 27, 2025 By Julia Wendling Article & Editing Alan Kennedy Cody Good Graphics & Design Zack Aboulazm Athul Alexander Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Email The following content is sponsored by Global X ETFs Ranked: P/E Ratios in Emerging vs. Developed Markets Key Takeaways Emerging market stocks trade at P/E ratios over 30% lower than developed markets, and more than 40% lower than U.S. equities. Singaporean stocks have the lowest price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio: 15.3. New Zealand stocks have the highest P/E ratio: 101.4 Emerging Markets (EMs) often offer attractive stock valuations, with lower price-to-earning ratios (P/E ratios) that may still deliver strong returns for investors. In this graphic, the third and final in the EMs Series, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore the P/E ratios of Emerging and Developed Markets. P/E Ratios The P/E ratio is among investors’ most common metrics for evaluating investment viability. These ratios compare a company’s current stock price to its earnings per share. Below is a ranking of 10 markets by their P/E ratio, provided by MSCI: RankCountry/RegionP/E Ratio 1Singapore15.3 2Europe & UK15.9 3Emerging Markets ex China15.9 4Japan16.2 5Hong Kong16.2 6Canada20.2 7Australia20.2 8Developed Markets23.2 9U.S.27.5 10New Zealand101.4 Essentially, it shows how much investors will pay for each dollar of a company’s earnings. Investors can also extrapolate this ratio to gain the P/E ratios of all companies in a country. Undervalued Emerging Markets Trailing P/E ratios can help investors assess if stocks or indexes are overvalued (higher P/E) or undervalued (lower P/E). Singapore, for example, has the lowest P/E ratio, 15.3, which means that Singaporean companies are likely undervalued compared to their earnings. New Zealand, on the other hand, has the highest P/E ratio, over three times greater than the U.S. P/E ratio–101.4.* *as of 06/30/2025 EM (excluding China) stocks are generally undervalued compared to their earnings, with their stock prices being around 30% cheaper than their contemporaries in Developed Markets and 40% cheaper than U.S. stocks. Unlocking Frontier Opportunities EMs offer attractive valuations compared to their Developed Market counterparts, potentially presenting a compelling opportunity for investors. Are you interested in exploring the dynamic Emerging Markets landscape? The Global X Emerging Markets ex-China ETF (EMM) seeks to invest in companies, excluding those in China, that can achieve or maintain a dominant position within their respective markets. Learn more about the Global X Emerging Markets ex-China ETF (EMM). More from Global X ETFs Economy5 hours ago Charted: Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Markets Emerging Markets drew $430B in foreign direct investment in 2022, outpacing global growth. How have these trends evolved over time? Economy7 hours ago Mapped: Population of Emerging Markets Emerging Markets are countries transitioning from developing to developed status. How significant are they in terms of global population? Markets2 months ago Charted: The Rising Share of U.S. Data Center Power Demand As advanced AI adoption surges, U.S. data center demand is projected to reach nearly 12% of the nation’s power. Markets2 months ago What’s Driving America’s Growing Electricity Demand? The U.S. EIA believes that by 2050, U.S. power demand will surge by nearly 50%. Energy2 months ago Breaking Down America’s $3.7 Trillion Infrastructure Funding Gap Despite many government efforts to modernize U.S. infrastructure, the funding gap stood at a staggering $3.7 trillion in 2025. Politics4 months ago Breaking Down the West’s $146 Billion 2024 Defence Technology Investment Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to break down the $146 billion spent on defence technology by the U.S. and the EU. Politics4 months ago Mapped: How NATO Defence Spending Has Changed Since the Ukraine-Russia War Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore how NATO defence spending has changed since the start of the Ukrain-Russia war. Politics4 months ago Visualized: Global Defence Spending in 2024 Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore global defence spending and find out which nation spends the most on defence. Economy5 months ago Breaking Down the 117th Congress’s $1.2T Infrastructure Investment Graphic showing U.S. infrastructure investment highlighting that investment is primarily going to roads, bridges, and other major projects. Economy5 months ago Report Card: Grading U.S. Infrastructure This graphic shows U.S infrastructure grades and highlights the general low grade. Energy10 months ago Nuclear Energy Supply Forecast by Region Visual Capitalist and Global X partnered to explore global nuclear energy demand, and how it’s changing, in the coming years. Energy10 months ago Charted: $300 Billion in Global Nuclear Energy Investment Visual Capitalist and Global X partnered to explore nuclear energy investment and find out which regions spent the most on nuclear power. Energy10 months ago Visualized: Nuclear Energy Generation by Region Visual Capitalist and Global X ETFs explore regional nuclear energy generation and why nuclear energy is critical to the energy transition. Technology12 months ago Ranked: Which Countries Have the Most Data Centers? For this graphic, Visual Capitalist partnered with Global X ETFs to rank the nations by the number of data centers they currently operate. Technology12 months ago Charted: How Much Data is Stored Online? For this graphic, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore online data generation and show how much data could be generated between 2015… Technology12 months ago Visualized: The Impact of AI on Revenue In this graphic, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore the financial impact of AI adoption across various industries. Green2 years ago Mapped: U.S. Investment in Sustainable Infrastructure (2021-2023) This graphic shows high levels of investment in U.S. clean infrastructure between 2021 and 2023. Technology2 years ago Visualized: What is the Artificial Intelligence of Things? Explore the explosive growth of the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) industry and its transformative impact across sectors. Technology2 years ago A Visual Guide to AI Adoption, by Industry AI adoption impacts many industries, with finance leading. Discover how AI tools optimize operations, mitigate risks, and drive growth. Technology2 years ago Ranked: Artificial Intelligence Startups, by Country Find out which countries are winning the race when it comes to the number of AI startups and private investment . Technology3 years ago On the Road to Electric Vehicles Electric vehicles are playing a key role in the decarbonization of road transport. But how much further do we need to go to hit net zero? Mining3 years ago Should You Invest in Disruptive Materials? Disruptive materials are experiencing a demand supercycle. See how these materials are helping revolutionize next generation technologies. Technology3 years ago Thematic Investing: 3 Key Trends in Cybersecurity Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated. Here’s what investors need to know about the future of cybersecurity. Subscribe Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Join 375,000+ email subscribers: *Sign Up

Published 7 minutes ago on October 27, 2025 By Julia Wendling Article & Editing Alan Kennedy Cody Good Graphics & Design Zack Aboulazm Athul Alexander Twitter Facebook LinkedIn Reddit Pinterest Email The following content is sponsored by Global X ETFs Charted: Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging Markets Key Takeaways Foreign direct investment in Emerging Markets has a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6% between 2002 and 2022. World foreign investment grew a CAGR of 4.4% during the same period. In 2022, foreign nations invested nearly $430 billion into Emerging Markets. Between 2002 and 2022, foreign direct investment in Emerging Markets (EMs) grew at a CAGR of 8.6%, compared to the 4.4% CAGR for total global FDI. Developing nations have benefited heavily, with the GDP of many booming over the same period. In this graphic, the second in the EM Series, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore foreign investment in developing markets over the past two decades using data from the World Bank. Cross-Border Growth Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a mechanism whereby an investor in one country establishes a lasting interest, with a decent level of control, in a project or business in another country. Consequently, investment in these markets remains high. Below is a table that breaks down EMs (excluding China) FDI compared to the world total FDI. YearEM (ex. China) TotalWorld Total 2002$82.36B$752B 2003$73.79B$737B 2004$127.10B$1,010B 2005$195.29B$1,550B 2006$215.83B$2,190B 2007$338.80B$3,110B 2008$356.08B$2,440B 2009$189.50B$1,410B 2010$268.51B$1,900B 2011$331.20B$2,360B 2012$319.60B$2,050B 2013$315.69B$2,170B 2014$334.58B$1,930B 2015$284.87B$2,760B 2016$389.62B$2,740B 2017$282.53B$2,200B 2018$260.40B$895B 2019$414.27B$1,850B 2020$422.05B$1,230B 2021$436.46B$2,290B 2022$428.86B$1,790B CAGR8.60%4.43% EMs often attract high levels of FDI due to the growth potential of these nations, projects, or enterprises. However, it also allows investors to focus on more minor or overlooked markets. Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Markets Developing Markets have enjoyed a strong current of FDI in recent years, allowing the GDP of many developing nations to boom and creating opportunities in untapped markets for discerning investors. Exploring Emerging Markets (ex. China) The Global X Emerging Markets ex-China ETF (EMM) seeks to invest in companies, excluding those in China, that can achieve or maintain a dominant position within their respective markets. The fund’s strategy aims to identify early winners in booming industries, where the entrepreneurship and grit held within these markets can produce long-term global competitors. Learn more about the Global X Emerging Markets ex-China ETF (EMM). More from Global X ETFs Economy2 hours ago Mapped: Population of Emerging Markets Emerging Markets are countries transitioning from developing to developed status. How significant are they in terms of global population? Markets1 month ago Charted: The Rising Share of U.S. Data Center Power Demand As advanced AI adoption surges, U.S. data center demand is projected to reach nearly 12% of the nation’s power. Markets1 month ago What’s Driving America’s Growing Electricity Demand? The U.S. EIA believes that by 2050, U.S. power demand will surge by nearly 50%. Energy1 month ago Breaking Down America’s $3.7 Trillion Infrastructure Funding Gap Despite many government efforts to modernize U.S. infrastructure, the funding gap stood at a staggering $3.7 trillion in 2025. Politics4 months ago Breaking Down the West’s $146 Billion 2024 Defence Technology Investment Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to break down the $146 billion spent on defence technology by the U.S. and the EU. Politics4 months ago Mapped: How NATO Defence Spending Has Changed Since the Ukraine-Russia War Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore how NATO defence spending has changed since the start of the Ukrain-Russia war. Politics4 months ago Visualized: Global Defence Spending in 2024 Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore global defence spending and find out which nation spends the most on defence. Economy5 months ago Breaking Down the 117th Congress’s $1.2T Infrastructure Investment Graphic showing U.S. infrastructure investment highlighting that investment is primarily going to roads, bridges, and other major projects. Economy5 months ago Report Card: Grading U.S. Infrastructure This graphic shows U.S infrastructure grades and highlights the general low grade. Energy10 months ago Nuclear Energy Supply Forecast by Region Visual Capitalist and Global X partnered to explore global nuclear energy demand, and how it’s changing, in the coming years. Energy10 months ago Charted: $300 Billion in Global Nuclear Energy Investment Visual Capitalist and Global X partnered to explore nuclear energy investment and find out which regions spent the most on nuclear power. Energy10 months ago Visualized: Nuclear Energy Generation by Region Visual Capitalist and Global X ETFs explore regional nuclear energy generation and why nuclear energy is critical to the energy transition. Technology12 months ago Ranked: Which Countries Have the Most Data Centers? For this graphic, Visual Capitalist partnered with Global X ETFs to rank the nations by the number of data centers they currently operate. Technology12 months ago Charted: How Much Data is Stored Online? For this graphic, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore online data generation and show how much data could be generated between 2015… Technology12 months ago Visualized: The Impact of AI on Revenue In this graphic, Visual Capitalist has partnered with Global X ETFs to explore the financial impact of AI adoption across various industries. Green2 years ago Mapped: U.S. Investment in Sustainable Infrastructure (2021-2023) This graphic shows high levels of investment in U.S. clean infrastructure between 2021 and 2023. Technology2 years ago Visualized: What is the Artificial Intelligence of Things? Explore the explosive growth of the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) industry and its transformative impact across sectors. Technology2 years ago A Visual Guide to AI Adoption, by Industry AI adoption impacts many industries, with finance leading. Discover how AI tools optimize operations, mitigate risks, and drive growth. Technology2 years ago Ranked: Artificial Intelligence Startups, by Country Find out which countries are winning the race when it comes to the number of AI startups and private investment . Technology3 years ago On the Road to Electric Vehicles Electric vehicles are playing a key role in the decarbonization of road transport. But how much further do we need to go to hit net zero? Mining3 years ago Should You Invest in Disruptive Materials? Disruptive materials are experiencing a demand supercycle. See how these materials are helping revolutionize next generation technologies. Technology3 years ago Thematic Investing: 3 Key Trends in Cybersecurity Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated. Here’s what investors need to know about the future of cybersecurity. Subscribe Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Join 375,000+ email subscribers: *Sign Up